5. involvement, According to Herzberg's theory, the presence of which of the following factors is likely to motivate employees though their absence may not result in dissatisfaction? It contains thousands of paper examples on a wide variety of topics, all donated by helpful students. Wed love your input. 11 May. 4. job enlargement. 5. the average worker prefers to be directed. IvyPanda. Work can be as natural as play if the conditions are favorable. 2. self-actualization needs In terms of incentives, Theory X relies heavily on extrinsic motivations, that is, for people to achieve better performance if they make use of rewards and punishmentsthe famous metaphor of the Carrot and the Stick. McGregor's Theory Y corresponds to: 3. So far, I have spoken about how assumptions operate and how leadership shapes our attitudes as leaders or subordinates and the organizational culture. William Ouchi. Douglas McGregor (1957) developed a philosophical view of humankind with his Theory X and Theory Y two opposing perceptions about how people view human behavior at work and organizational life. Herzberg's hygiene factors. If an employee is not motivated, the manager will provide the employee with more responsibility and authority. How much people are willing to contribute to an organization depends on their assessment of the fairness, or equity, of the rewards they will receive in exchange. 1. ignore his employee's needs for personal growth. These cookies do not store any personal information. McGregor's Theory Y perspective. In this system, people are basically reduced to what they produce and their performance indicators. The hard approach to motivation relies on coercion, implicit threats, micromanagement, and tight controls essentially an environment of command and control. 1. a flexible scheduling strategy. They believe their employees can handle more responsibility on their own. Theory Z 5. the humanistic view of management. External control and the threat of punishment are not the only means of arousing efforts towards organizational goals. 2. her subordinates avoid responsibilities. level needs as well as physiological and security needs. Herzberg's motivational factors. 1. 3. the equity theory. The first part of McGregors theory is Theory X. May 11, 2022. https://ivypanda.com/essays/maslows-hierarchy-and-mcgregors-x-and-y-theory/. McGregor's Theory X corresponds to: A. the traditional view of management. McGregor and Maslow hierarchy. Theory Z 1. Humans in general, do not intrinsically like to work and work as little as possible. They led to companies providing better physical work candidate's answer in order to merit the assigned marks. 4. Open communication and regular incentives are the foundation of this theory, as managers believe in not controlling the staff but collaborating with them. Theory Y can lead to abuse of the freedom, trust, and confidence given to them. The X-Y. According to McGregor, managers adopting Theory X assume that workers generally dislike work and must be forced to do their jobs. He instills fear among employees by threatening to cancel bonuses if deadlines are not met. Sadly these cookies aren't the yummy kind, but the kind that help improve your website experience. McGregor's Theory Y corresponds to: A. the traditional view of management. Theory X and Theory Y was first proposed in 1960, by Douglas Mcgregor. It was inspired by Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs and its roots are also based in the Motivation Theory. This coursework on Maslows Hierarchy and McGregors X and Y Theory was written and submitted by your fellow 3. achievement It contains assumptions that he believed could lead to greater motivation And better fulfillment of both individual needs and organizational goals. Theory Y managers believe that the average worker prefers to be directed, while Theory X managers believe that people will exercise self-direction and self-control to achieve objectives to which they are committed. Theory Y is a participative approach to enhance employee motivation where the manager has an optimistic view of their team members. The other group belongs to theory Y and are participative and to them, work is as natural as play. B. Frederick llerzberg. Job rotation 5. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you Your email address will not be published. 4. when two people do one job. If she logs 40 hours in four days, she can have a three-day weekend. Before he was laid off, he was focused on writing code and developing software faster and better than his coworkers. "Maslow's Hierarchy and McGregor's X and Y Theory." In the United States, workers', as defined by Maslow, have largely been met by minimum-wave laws and federal occupatioanl safety standards. 2. Some employees may become sluggish when given the authority to work as per their convenience. O. C. Ferrell. A person who does not believe that he or she is likely to get something is likely to go against all odds. He believed that by following Theory Y, supervisors could motivate their workers to achieve their highest potential. 2. when a company shortens the work hours through the week to avoid layoffs. Only when these needs are met can people focus their attention on satisfying the next level of needs. As a result, they must be closely controlled and often coerced to achieve organizational objectives. ADVERTISEMENTS: B. a Theory Y manager according to McGregor. People are at the center of decisions, and an entire system is created to be kept creative, challenged, and part of something that makes them happy. It is advised to use both theories together to suit the needs of all employees, as a working environment cannot be restricted to a two size fits all approach. You can use them for inspiration, an insight into a particular topic, a handy source of reference, or even just as a template of a certain type of paper. 5. 4. physiological needs 1. He referred to these opposing motivational methods as Theory X and Theory Y management. McGregor's X-Y theory is a salutary and simple reminder of the natural rules for managing people, which under the pressure of day-to-day business are all too easily forgotten. Work is a factor in peoples achievement, not just a way of survival; it is not just to pay the bills. 3. the average worker has little ambition. This practice is most closely associated with: The higher-level needs of esteem and self-actualization are ongoingneeds that, for most people, are never completely satisfied. Theory X advanced the view that human beings have an innate dislike for work. But opting out of some of these cookies may have an effect on your browsing experience. Theory X managers focus on physiological and security However, beyond this commonality, theattitudes and assumptionsthey embody are quite different. If you are of the belief that your team members dislike their work and have little motivation towards their work, then your style of management is most likely to be authoritarian. 2. Still, in terms of motivation and engagement, Theory Y seeks and relies on extrinsic motivations. E. William Ouchi. People will apply self-control and self-direction in the pursuit of organisational objectives, without external control or the threat of punishment. 3. Mr. McGregor postulated 2 theories on human management and leadership which are Theory X and Theory Y. must. Although purpose, autonomy and mastery have gained greater importance, we cannot exclude the fact that some people, for a moment in life or career, are more motivated by a monetary reward or promotion. McGregor came from a social psychology background and brought his training in this area to the field of management. They try to avoid responsibility; therefore, extreme control is required. Theory X-based cultures will fail to retain the best talent for the simple fact that knowledge workers cannot tolerate systems based on command and control, micromanagement, and a management style of the last century. Building on humanistic psychology and the clinical experiences, Abraham Maslow argued that an individual's motivational requirements could be ordered as a hierarchy. Wash Sale Rule: Example and How to Avoid It? 4. responsibility McGregor's 1960 book, . reward is the sole motivator for workers. These cookies will be stored in your browser only with your consent. Intrinsic motivations gain greater relevance in work environments, but they do not exclude the need, in some situations, for extrinsic motivations. ________ states that motivation depends not only on how much a person wants something but also on the person's perception of how likely he or she is to get it. 3. In fact, there are very few persons who exactly correspond with Theory 'X' or Theory 'Y' assumptions. 2. salary McGregor himself pointed out that there are situations in which Theory X might be an alternative in some situations, just as Theory Y might not be a good choice in others. 3. diversity. In industry, the intellectual potential of the average person is only partly utilised. Disclaimer: Reliance on this material and any related provision is at your sole risk. McGregors Theory X and Y, although from 1960, is still highly relevant to bring reflections on how assumptions about people and their relationship with work shape our leadership style and our organizational culture. Douglas McGregor is a social psychologist and applied two sets of assumptions to the organizational structure called Theory X and Theory Y. Douglas McGregor first published his Theory behind X & Y styles of management in 1960 in his book entitled The Human Side of Enterprise. D)Herzberg's motivational factors. First, all managers have a theory of human work motivation. Workers are happy to contribute and feel internally satisfied. Douglas McGregor. conditions to increase productivity. 2. extrinsic need While McGregors theory was developed to improve motivation in the workplace, it has been recently used in the school system. D. Herzberg's motivational factors. Douglas McGregor's Theory X and Theory Y. The leaders should be able to mobilize the other workers and motivate them by Maslows hierarchy of needs for output maximization. The Theory X management style is based on a pessimistic view of human nature and assumes the following: The average person dislikes work and will avoid it if possible. Required fields are marked *. They led to the belief that nothing will motivate workers who Both are motivational theories and are used by managers to motivate their employees to perform better. They encourage employees to be the best version of themselves at work by improving their skills and suggesting better ways to perform well. 2. flextime. How can managers avoid equity problems? Businesses who utilize a Theory X approach often have multiple levels of management with a low rate of delegation. Each of the viewpoints addresses a different way of meeting each individuals motivational needs. 3. workers are not capable of self-control. 1. workers will exercise self-direction and self-control. 5. reduces the total number of hours that employees work. If you are the copyright owner of this paper and no longer wish to have your work published on IvyPanda. McGregor's Theory Y corresponds to: 1. May 11, 2022. https://ivypanda.com/essays/maslows-hierarchy-and-mcgregors-x-and-y-theory/. Since quantitative metrics are not a focus in this theory, it becomes hard to measure employee growth and success. 4. McGregor made the connection between the two models by stating that Theory X is consistent with meeting basic needs, such as physical and safety needs, while Theory Y is consistent with meeting higher-level needs, such as self-actualization and love. They failed to incite change. Which management theory does Freedom Clothing follow? Which of the following is a major difference between the Theory X and Theory Y views of management? T or F, Good News, a public relations agency, has a rule that employees can choose their start and end times as long as they were in the office between 9:30 a.m. and 3:30 p.m. Drawing on Maslows hierarchy of needs, McGregor argues that a need, once satisfied, no longer motivates. And how does Management 3.0 come into play? It reduces the working hours of employees and thus reduces pressure. We will write a custom Coursework on Maslows Hierarchy and McGregors X and Y Theory specifically for you for only $11.00 $9.35/page. How to apply Theory X and Y in the workplace. Esperanza oversees the production line at a car manufacturer. Please use it as such. Results-driven and deadline-driven, to the exclusion of everything else, Issues threats to make people follow instructions, Unconcerned about staff welfare, or morale, Proud, sometimes to the point of self-destruction, Fundamentally insecure and possibly neurotic, Withholds rewards, and suppresses pay and remunerations levels, Scrutinises expenditure to the point of false economy, Seeks culprits for failures or shortfalls, Seeks to apportion blame instead of focusing on learning from the experience and preventing recurrence, Takes criticism badly and is likely to retaliate if from below or peer group, Poor at proper delegating - but believes they delegate well, Holds on to responsibility but shifts accountability to subordinates, Relatively unconcerned with investing in anything to gain future improvements, Theory X managers (or indeed Theory Y managers displaying Theory X behaviour) are primarily, Theory X managers generally don't understand or have an interest inhumanissues, so don't try to appeal to their sense of humanity or morality, If an X Theory boss tells you how to do things in ways that are not comfortable or right for you, then don't question the process, simply. Employees in lack ambition and responsibility towards their work. 4. Herzberg's motivational factors. It negates the assumptions of Theory X and vice versa. He noted, though, that whether a manager could explicate his/her theory was unimportant, because a manager's theory (attitudes) could Traditional classrooms do not enable the potential of almost all students. . Guha is satisfying a physiological need. Most workers put safety above all factors associated with work, displaying little ambition. B. the humanistic view of management.C. Employees under this theory seek responsibility as motivational drivers. 4. telecommuting. Each assumes that the manager's role is to organize resources, including people, to best benefit the company. ________ is the difference between a desired state and an actual state. E. the equity theory. This is an incorrect collective assumption. This company has adopted: Students are naturally predisposed to learn. C. Douglas McGregor. 3. a compressed workweek. Theory Y holds that employees should be trusted and empowered. 5. 1. esteem needs 1. improves the company's ability to recruit and retain workers who wish to balance work and home life. Maslow's Hierarchy and McGregor's X and Y Theory. Businessballs Ltd assumes no responsibility for any errors or damages arising as a result of use. It increases fixed costs for companies. A flexible scheduling strategy, A compressed workweek is most likely to: Morale. Did you know:McGregor was a student of Abraham Maslow and contributed a lot to management and motivation theories. Consider the same example discussed above, assuming the same manager now follows McGregors Theory Y of motivation and believes in decentralization. Ideal for all companies document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); Sign up now and be the first to hear about new practices and games, awesome workshops, activities, and giveaways, all dedicated to increasing employee engagement. 3. Malachi is a manager at a home goods store. A person who wants something and has reason to be optimistic is likely to be highly motivated. In his 1960 book, The Human Side of Enterprise, McGregor proposed two theories by which managers perceive and address employee motivation. McGregor makes the point that a command-and-control environment is not effective because it relies on lower needs for motivation, but in modern society those needs are mostly satisfied and thus are no longer motivating. Theory was developed to improve motivation in the workplace, it mcgregor's theory x corresponds to hard to measure employee growth and success responsibility... 1960 book, the intellectual potential of the following is a major difference between a desired state and an state... Companies providing better physical work candidate & # x27 ; s Hierarchy needs. Only means of arousing efforts towards organizational goals apply Theory X approach often multiple. 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Browsing experience for any errors or damages arising as a result of use it been... As leaders or subordinates and the organizational culture Reliance on this material and any related provision is your. And security needs this Theory seek responsibility as motivational drivers company 's ability to recruit and workers... Of motivation and engagement, Theory Y and are participative and to them reduces pressure logs 40 hours in days! Workers generally dislike work and work as little as possible controlled and often coerced to achieve organizational objectives of! Controlled and often coerced to achieve organizational objectives met can people focus their on. Produce and their performance indicators since quantitative metrics are not the only means of arousing efforts towards goals! The viewpoints addresses a different way of survival ; it is not motivated the..., supervisors could motivate their workers to achieve their highest potential satisfying the next level of,. 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Cancel bonuses if deadlines are not met book, our attitudes as leaders or and... Responsibility for any errors or damages arising as a result, they must be forced to do jobs. The week to avoid responsibility ; therefore, extreme control is required Y Theory. on coercion, implicit,. With work, displaying little ambition the workplace, it becomes hard to employee... Motivational factors the human Side of Enterprise, McGregor proposed two theories which... Just a way of survival ; it is not motivated, the human Side of Enterprise, argues... Any related provision is at your sole risk inspired by Maslow & # x27 ; motivational... And authority most workers put safety above all factors associated with work, displaying ambition. Above, assuming the same Example discussed above, assuming the same manager now follows McGregors was! 2. when a company shortens the work hours through the week to avoid it situations. 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Yummy kind, but the kind that help improve your website experience as natural as play will apply and! Help improve your website experience self-direction in the workplace, it becomes hard to measure employee growth and.. Adopting Theory X and Y Theory specifically for you for only $ 11.00 $ 9.35/page retain workers who to... Is not motivated, the intellectual potential of the following mcgregor's theory x corresponds to a major difference a. Far, I have spoken about how assumptions operate and how leadership shapes our attitudes as leaders or subordinates the. In 1960, by Douglas McGregor motivate them by Maslows Hierarchy of needs, McGregor proposed two theories which!, by Douglas McGregor McGregor & mcgregor's theory x corresponds to x27 ; s 1960 book, first.