The forts were given colorful names like Slide-out, Standoff, Whiskey Gap, Fort Whoop-Up, and Robber's Roost. Camping on undeveloped BLM-administered lands. free travel planner. Also known as vanillagrass, mannagrass and holy grass, it is well known to many Indigenous people in Canada and the United States as a material for baskets, as well as a scent, medicine and smudge. Messages. DESCRIPTION & HISTORY of SWEETGRASS is a winter-hardy aromatic perennial grass, normally found growing in rich, moist soil from Alaska to Newfoundland in full sun, and is also native to northern Europe.. Now there was an even greater need for the police force. Generally considered a moderately challenging route. In their legends, the only location named in their creation story is the Katoyisiks. The Sweet Grass Hills have been a prominent landmark of northern Montana since the buffalo days. Since lodging options are very limited in this part of Montana, if you know you'll be in this area and will need a room, a reservation during the summer is always recommended. The Sweet Grass Hills produced minor amounts of gold and silver as well as other minerals in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Bite-Size Bits of Local, National, and Global History, Photographed By Barry Swackhamer, August 22, 2020, The Baker Massacre. On September 15th, they left for the Sweetgrass Hills in a snow storm. [5] Since the Sweet Grass Hills are at a higher elevation than the surrounding prairie, temperatures are cooler and precipitation is higher. Sweet Grass Hills. Te American Museum of Natural History returned Blackfeet human remains taken from Old Agency on Badger Creek. The main entrance to the cave is The strong few who today call this place home will attest to the spirituality of the hills. . Located in north-central Montana along the Canadian border, the Sweet Grass Hills consist of three distinct buttes separated by vast sweeps of rolling grasslands. The mining town once boasted 500 people, a school, hotel, and saloon, but only a cemetery remains today. At some point shots were fired. It is the northern terminus of Interstate 15, an important route connecting western Canada, the western United States, and Mexico. The Hills have been mined for coal, copper and gold, which continues today. The event becomes known as the Cypress Hills Massacre. The rumor was the lonely grave belonged to a prostitute. The Baker Massacre profoundly impacted the Blackfeet people and is very much alive in tribal memory. Sign up for our newsletter to keep reading. Several American Indian Tribes have spiritual and historic associations with the Sweet Grass Hills As such, anyone venturing off into this part of Montana should pay special attention to the condition of the road. The Sweet Grass Hills are an example of the island ranges that dot the central third portion of the state of Montana. After the Cypress Hills Massacre, recruiting for the NWMP began at once. 3990 Highway 2 West Lewis and Clark called them the Broken Mountains, the French trappers dubbed them Les Trois Buttes. Sunburst is named for the mornings first rays of light cresting above the Sweetgrass Hills. 30 Overland Trl , Reed Point, MT, 59069, Sweet Grass County. His people did not participate in Clarkes killing nor were they hiding the perpetrators of the crime. The Spring Brook Ranch is home to Montanas largest yak farm, along with a 2,000-pound camel named Carlos and several other livestock animals. Quick View. Pablo, MT: Lincoln, NE: Salish Kootenai College Press; Distributed by University of Nebraska Press, 2010. The Baker Massacre profoundly impacted the Blackfeet people and is very much alive in tribal memory. 24.--Correspondence between the Canadian and United States authorities confirms the report of the recent Indian massacre in the Northwest. 1855 Lame Bull Treaty / Judith River Treaty.This treaty took place at the mouth of the Judith River with the Blackfeet, Nez Perce and the Salish and Pend dOreille (language in treaty also refers to Flathead tribe) To make way for the railroad, Isaac Stevens was charged with negotiating a peace between the Blackfeet and the allied tribes the Nez Perce, Salish and Pend dOreille. TimesMachine is an exclusive benefit for home delivery and digital subscribers. Sweetgrass is a fragrant grass with long, satiny leaves. Ride north into the Sweet Grass Hills well into the night. The buttes also have special spiritual significance to the Blackfeet Indians. Originally numbering 13, tribal council representatives now number nine. On September 21, the Mounties arrived at the Sweet Grass Hills and camped at the base of the middle of the three buttes. In Whitlash, turn east onto Black Jack Road, in about 9 miles turn right (south) and park on public lands marked by a sign at the base of the Butte. Thousands of men from a variety of jobs volunteered for the North West Mounted Police. Instead of battles and bloodshed, the Mounties found peace in the Canadian West. Today it is still operating as a boarding dormitory. 1896 20 mile wide strip of Blackfeet Reservation ceded. 1873 and 1874 President Grant issued Executive Orders diminishing reservation lands. Please respect this historic legacy by preventing disturbance and reporting vandalism to this special place. Anyone can read what you share. Notify me of follow-up comments by email. There are no services of any kind along the Sweet Grass Hills Scenic Drive. Perhaps the people with the strongest connection to the mountains are the Blackfoot tribe. Food SeaBear Smokehouse, Wild Alaskan Smoked Sockeye Salmon $ 23.99. Getting There. [4] Quite prominent in the local area, they are clearly visible from US Highway 2 to the south, I-15, and can sometimes[when?] Overall, the Sweet Grass Hills Backcountry Drive is a superb route for those who enjoy rolling prairie and vast views. Two-wheel drive vehicles, in particular, will almost certainly get stuck during the short mud season or after periods of prolonged rain. Lands reserved exclusively for the Blackfeet were identified and described. LockA locked padlock References: Kimmerer, Robin Wall, Braiding Sweetgrass: Indigenous Wisdom, Scientific Knowledge, and the Teachings of Plants. Sweet Grass (also Sweetgrass) is an unincorporated community in Toole County, Montana, United States, on the Canada-US border. Within Alberta, 403.2 km 2 of the Cypress Hills are protected as the Cypress Hills Provincial Park . They rise nearly 3000 feet above the surrounding prairie and are visible for miles. A period of violence and bloodshed in Montana began in 1865, when frustrated Blood and Peigan war parties took about 40 horses from the Whites in the town of Benton. Waving his good conduct papers and medals, Heavy Runner was the first casualty of the Baker Massacre that cold January morning. you'll find a wonderfully unique selection of traditional Native American food products and handcrafted items, perfect for sharing with your family and friends. The inscription above was to prick the consciences of those who looked down on young Jessie Rowe. West Butte (6983 ft/2128 m) Countries. Larson saw his biggest kill, and . At the end of the attack, 217 people were killed. Federal minerals in the Hills are now withdrawn from mineral entry to protect other resource values. Get up-to-the-minute news sent straight to your device. You have permission to edit this article. ) or https:// means youve safely connected to the .gov website. Towers above the prairies with a great view in every direction. In 1888, left with no other choices, these once proud people were forced to sign the so-called "Sweet Grass Hills Treaty" - an agreement that gave the Blackfeet their present reservation, plus lands in the eastern side of present-day Glacier National Park. Havre Field Office However, the nearby towns of Shelby and Havre have lodging at affordable prices. Site of the Dempsey/Gibbons fight July 4, 1923. The Wolfers then skinned the wolves and used the skins for trade. 1911 Children born after the middle of the year were allotted 80 acres. Two mounties travelled into the United States, and with the help of U.S. marshalls, were able to arrest seven. 1700 The Blackfeet acquired the horse and rifle. In the event you miss this junction, or the road itself looks nasty, the visitor can head south on Highway 552 until reaching Oilmont Road (Highway 343), and then head back to Whitlash on Strawberry Road (Highway 217). He then states that the first death occurred on August 6th to a man of E troop who died from fever brought on by wet and exposure, and adds that "This event cast a gloom over the force.". The raid resulted in a smallpox epidemic among the Blackfeet band. Shedied in 1902 and was buried in the Gold Butte Cemetery, which later was moved because of an underground spring. The largest numbers of victims were women and children. While not all-encompassing, they serve as instructional tools that accompany the text of both the history projects and the Montana Tribal Histories: Educators Resource Guide. Quick View. Metis trader Abe Farwell establishes a trading post in Cypress Hills. The pointed peak of Mount Brown in the Sweet Grass Hills as seen from the tiny town of Whitlash. He warns readers that reaching the grave site requires following arough single-track road and going through two gates. A recent story on the Sweet Grass Hills reminded avid hiker and explorerTom Kotynski of the historic grave at the Gold Butte ghost town. Many elk, antelope, and a multitude of birds live around these mountains, but not many people. 2023 Central Montana. When Potts found out that whiskey was being sold at Pine Coulee, he guided the Police to the Coulee where they arrested five men. Page 26 Four brothers from southern Alberta have unearthed ancient masks made of shells believed to be from the Gulf of Mexico in a Montana cave. 2001 15,441 enrolled Blackfeet members. Since White traders could make good money by trading whiskey, they headed north from Montana, out into the freedom of Whoop-Up country. Last edited on 13 February 2023, at 17:40, "Disputing the Medicine Line-The Plains Crees and the Canadian-American Border, 1876-1885", http://opi.mt.gov/pdf/IndianEd/IEFA/FortPeckTimeline.pdf, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sweet_Grass_Hills&oldid=1139156526, This page was last edited on 13 February 2023, at 17:40. Touch for map. In 1865, the area north of Montana was known as Whoop-Up country. Access the Sweet Grass Hills In Montana from the EASTSIDE. During this trip, the weather remained cold with occasional storms. Because of uplift and erosion, the overlying rock formations have disappeared. The peer-reviewed quarterly is a leading source for scholarship on the American West and is both Montana's journal of record and an official journal of the Western History . A man of peace, Heavy Runner had no quarrel with the US Army. Forested areas, consisting mainly of Douglas fir, are therefore able to grow on the hills' slopes. As a subscriber, you have 10 gift articles to give each month. This is where they waited while Colonel Mcleod went to Fort Benton in the United States, to arrange for supplies and to hire a . Reservations: Blackfeet Indian Reservation and Off-Reservation Trust Land. Mountain range with well-recognized name. Public access is available on the north side of East Butte. {{start_at_rate}} {{format_dollars}} {{start_price}} {{format_cents}} {{term}}, {{promotional_format_dollars}}{{promotional_price}}{{promotional_format_cents}} {{term}}, 'Buffalo take care of us': First Blackfeet buffalo hunt open to all was a success, Business Buzz: New coffee shop, bakery opens in Missoula, After escaping 'religious cult', Montana woman faces new challenges with honeyberry farm, Nebraska cheerleader competes by herself at state competition, but crowd doesn't let her feel alone, 'A hearty animal': Yaks roam 1,000-acre ranch outside of Kalispell. The drive runs between Sunburst, MT, and Chester, MT. Very nice hike to the top of the highest point of the Sweet Grass Hills. The tiny town of Sunburst does have limited services, but the visitor will find many more services (at less cost) in nearby Shelby. The Blackfeet Tribe is one of only 6 tribes that still lives on a portion of their ancestral lands. Located in north-central Montana along the Canadian border, the Sweet Grass Hills consist of three distinct buttes separated by vast sweeps of rolling grasslands. A lock ( The hills were sacred friends, as the gods asked the hills to swallow the bison, to save them from the rifles of the buffalo . This ceded strip is known today as Glacier Park. The Mounted Police hired a 37 year old scout and interpreter named Jerry Potts. Touch for directions. 1994 Tribally controlled community colleges received Land Grant Status. When the cheerleading coach broke the news to Katrina Kohel that she was the only one left on the cheer squad, Kohel was determined to compete anyway. They stood in a well protected breast-high coulee which gave a clear view of the Natives. Thin beds of argillaceous sandstone and bentonite are common. A gold rush came once, a century ago, earning Middle Butte the new name of Gold Butte. Healthy sprouts of winter wheat line the fields on either side of the dirt road, while most remaining buildings look abandoned and wind worn. Collaborative Action and Dispute Resolution, Camping is limited to 16 consecutive days at any one location, Pack out all refuse unless trash cans are provided, Dispose of sewage and petroleum products properly, All vehicles, including OHVs, must stay on roads and trails, Use only down and dead firewood for campfires. be seen as far North . Located across north central Montana, in Toole and Liberty Counties, these mountain islands hold secrets only the gods know. Sweet Grass Hills Agreement . Heart Butte High School completed. 1962 Article II of the Constitution and By-Laws of the Blackfeet Tribe, defining tribal membership, was amended. Once again though, in 1896, the U.S. government went back on their word as they . Children that live there do not attend school at the site; they are bussed to Browning Public Schools. In 1888, left with no other choices, these once proud people were forced to sign the so-called "Sweet Grass Hills Treaty," an agreement that gave the Blackfeet their present reservation, plus . Come get a taste of farm living ,book a tour. On a lonely grave in the Sweet Grass Hills north of US Highway 2 a poem is engraved on the tombstone: "Remember me as you pass by,As you are now, so once was I,As I am now, so you must be,Prepare for death and follow me.". The 1874 Executive Order moved the southern boundary north from the Sun River to the Marias River. 1987 Blackfeet National Bank, first tribally-owned, federally chartered bank on an Indian Reservation established. They found Rowe and her sister came from Kansas to Gold Butte with the hopes the dry air would help Rowe'stuberculosis. Sweet Grass Hills. A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States. 1880 President Rutherford B. Hays issued an Executive Order taking back the land that President Grant had restored in 1875. Soldiers mistakenly attacked the camp of Heavy Runner, a friendly chief, during cold winter weather on January 23. Land Area: Preview trail document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); This site uses Akismet to reduce spam. These immense bands were moving north, and there seemed no end to them. That place exists to this day. This amazing 1860 SQ/FT 3 bedroom, 4 bath home sets on 5 acres and has plenty of room for pets and chickens. Seasonal! Many refugees froze or starved to death seeking shelter in nearby camps or at FortBenton. The Sweetgrass Hills were once named for the famous hero Katoyis, who slayed the wind sucker monster atop one of these buttes. The Hills average 18-20 inches of annual precipitation or about double what falls on the surrounding prairie. Length: 2.9 mi Est. From this point on we had no dearth of fresh meat. An official website of the United States government. The Blackfoot word for the area is Katoyisiks, which means "Sweet Pine . This territory spanned land north of the Missouri and Sun River east to the Dakota border. With most of the men away hunting in the Sweet Grass Hills, the soldiers fired into the lodgers where women, children, and elderly slept. thick in the Sweet Grass Hills area. A man of peace, Heavy Runner had no quarrel with the US Army. The wolfers also had to build forts to protect themselves. The Cypress Hills Massacre: In June of 1873, a group of Wolfers had their horses stolen by some Cree. . The largest and oldest histories of Montana Tribes are still very much oral histories and remain in the collective memories of individuals. The girls found that five unmarked graves were near Rowe's, including one for a schoolteacher named a Miss Naifus, who died on her wedding day in 1897. Seka Hills Olive Oil Tribal Blend 500mL $ 32.99. It is Near Shelby in Toole County Montana. However, Julia Dafoe & Megan Maki as Chester High School students debunked that rumor with a projectsaved on the Montana Heritage Project website. Time Immemorial Creation Napi, Old Man, created the Rocky Mountain Range, the Sweetgrass Hills and other geographic features in Montana and Canada. The Sweet Grass Hills are located in North Central Montana, north of Highway 2, right near the Canadian border. A nine-part series chronicling the turbulent history of one of the most extraordinar Beauty, treachery and danger lie ACROSS THE SWEET GRASS HILLS. Braiding Sweetgrass: Indigenous Wisdom, Scientific Knowledge, and the Teachings of Plants by Robin Wall Kimmerer, Potawatomi Nation member, scientist and professor is an uplifting, rich book for the contemporary reader. 1911 Surplus lands to be opened for sale were estimated at 156,000 acres. Sweet Grass Hills information has already been included in the Cool Things, and there will be many more by the time all 365 are posted. From the city, head southeast for 30 km on Trans-Canada Hwy/AB-1 E. Follow the signs for Havre/Elkwater and turn right onto AB-41 S. Follow the road for 34 km directly into the town of Elkwater. Moreover, while the road is generally in decent condition when dry, during the mud season or following heavy rains the roads the route follows frequently turn to a sticky mud that makes travel difficult, if not downright unpleasant. It appears that a band View Full Article in Timesmachine , See the article in its original context from. The rumor was the lonely grave belonged to a prostitute and no one wanted her buried with the rest of thefolks. The geology and spirituality of the Sweetgrass Hills makes them unique in Montana history. [10] In 1993, the Hills were listed as one of America's Most Endangered Places. Towering above the rolling prairie, the Sweet Grass Hills are one of the more noticeable geographic features in Montana. Some of that history has been lost, but much remains vibrant within community stories and narratives that have yet to be documented. Though this treaty that identified Blackfeet land cessions was not ratified, settlers began moving into the areas that would have been ceded had the treaty been ratified. Provisions were growing short, and but for the buffalo we should have been in a bad way. Its easy to see why Napi choose the Sweetgrass Hills for a perfect little sanctuary. This historical marker was erected by Montana Department of Transportation. Like many other cultures, the Chippewa-Cree have a legend associated with the great floods of the world. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites. . Please be mindful when visiting any caves. 1700s The Blackfeet traveled south along the Rocky Mountains. The best times to visit this trail are May through October. They "worked well and cheerfully under most trying and unfamiliar conditions." Several American Indian Tribes have spiritual and historic associations with the Sweet Grass Hills and they have been determined eligible to the National Register of Historic Places. The Sweet Grass Hills Shelby, Valier, Conrad and Chester all have impressive views of the Sweet Grass Hills, along central Montana's northern border, and the Rocky Mountains to the west. The . So make the most of it. [6] [7] [8] The Hills were the site of a battle between Native people and wolfers in 1872. Range Type. On 21st August we met the first party of half-breed hunters, who had been out from Winnipeg all summer hunting buffalo. Site of the Dempsey/Gibbons fight July 4, 1923. The Sweet Grass Hills are one hundred and fifteen Miles from Great Falls, Montana and there are only two days in a weekend. Shelby Chamber of Commerce, (406) 434-7184. contact the Central Montana Tourism Office. [2][3] The tallest point in the hills is West Butte at 6,983 feet (2,128m). May. In June of 1873, a group of Wolfers had their horses stolen by some Cree. As the Natives struggled with whiskey, they quarreled with the men who traded it to them. 1865 Unratified Treaty with Montana Governor Meagher and Blackfeet Indian Agent Gad Upson. 1887 A Code of Laws was enforced by three tribally elected leaders, along with Indian Agent Wood. There is no lodging directly along the drive. If the the roads are wet, this route to the east side of the Sweet Grass Hills offers the best driving conditions for a passenger car or two-wheel drive truck. You can see the Rocky Mountains on the West and Canada on the North. 18 talking about this. Only 300 were selected to go. Your email address will not be published. The Blackfoot Massacre, often called the Bear River Massacre, the Baker Massacre, or the Marias Massacre. Some White men became known as Wolfers because they killed wolves by putting poison on dead buffalo. Now $67 (Was $77) on Tripadvisor: Sweetgrass Inn Bed & Breakfast, Rapid City. The first two were clashes between trappers (traditionally identified as American "Wolfers") and native groups of various types. Quick View. Looking north while along the HiLine between Shelby and Chester, youll see three distinct buttes: West Butte, Middle Butte, and East Butte. Many of these men were hardened ex-soldiers who believed that killing Natives was justified. These battlegrounds remain today, a testament to the clash of cultures that defined the region in the nineteenth . It turned out that the ones hanged were innocent. With most of the men away hunting in the Sweet Grass Hills, the soldiers fired into the lodges where women, children, and elderly slept. In the East, South-East you can see East and Gold Butte. [6][7][8] The Hills were the site of a battle between Native people and wolfers in 1872. Brown. 1872-73. While some political leaders were outraged, no disciplinary actions were taken against Clark or any of the soldiers. Potts, who was part Blood and part Scottish, rode at the front as they headed for Fort Whoop-Up. A common hunting ground was recognized and designated for a period of ninety-nine years. Used by Native Americans for its spiritually purifying properties, Sweetgrass is a species of grass found in wet areas on the Glaciated Plains and mountains. Signup to receive the Central Montana Email Newsletter. The retreat became a rout, and up to 300 Cree warriors were killed trying to make their escape. The Mounties, burdened as they were with oxen, carts, cattle and machines, made slow time across the plains. The hills were formed in the early Paleogene period, and geologically are known as stocks - intrusive igneous rock forced up from below and solidified. 1896 - A 20-mile wide strip of Blackfeet Reservation was ceded. General material designation. Website design and hosting by Tempest Technologies, LLC. Located about 40 miles north of each town, as you get closer you can also see the smaller Haystack and Grassy Butte and that the East Butte area is really multiple mountains. Parallel title. The 1873 Executive Order diminished 1851 and 1855 treaty lands and established an undivided reservation for the Blackfeet, Gros Ventre, Assiniboine, and Sioux. Many horses were giving out due to lack of feed. So with the arrival of the Mounties came law and order. We are 20 mins west of Mizzou. The recruits- three hundred in all- assembled at Fort Dufferin, Manitoba, and on July 16, 1874, they began their grueling Great March West. A column of cavalry and infantry under the command of Major Eugene Baker attacked the sleeping camp early in the morning. We killed the first buffalo on 1st September. The remaining 34 miles of the drive south of Whitlash pass through more rolling prairie that provide excellent views of Gold Butte and Mt. Fun Facts. I looked into a tunnel, hand-dug into the side of a hill, that was a 19th . Kmfl Floweree Member (Upper Cretaceous) - Dark-bluish gray, fissile to blocky and brittle noncalcareous shale and medium-gray sandy and silty shale. The "Hills" were created by an igneous intrusion through older sedimentary rocks during the Eocene, about 50 million years ago. Revolutionary War Pension and Bounty Land Warrants, 1859 List of Munsee from Leavenworth County Kansas, 1876-1878 Pacific Coast Business Directory, St. Charles Countys Participation in the World War, Oglethorpe University Publications Online, Maryville High School Yearbooks, 1919-1977, Maryville College, Tennessee, Yearbooks, 1906-2009, 1892-2008 Quincy High School Yearbooks Golden Rod. (renews at {{format_dollars}}{{start_price}}{{format_cents}}/month + tax). . Sweetgrass Hills Massacre. This was formalized by Crowfoot, a Blackfoot chief, ritually adopting Poundmaker, an up-and-coming Cree leader in 1873. On January 23, 1870, soldiers commanded by Colonel Eugene Baker killed 173 Blackfeet Indians in a surprise attack on Heavy Runners camp near here on the MariasRiver. Clark had been in several conflicts with Owl Child, a Piegan, who was not camped with Heavy Runner, but with Mountain Chief. As Whoop-Up country warriors were killed trying to make their escape Dakota border entry to protect other values... The Rocky Mountains one of the drive runs between sunburst, MT, 59069, Sweet Grass.... Rapid City, Sweet Grass Hills are now withdrawn from mineral entry to protect.... This place home will attest to the clash of cultures that defined the region in the late 19th and 20th!: Indigenous Wisdom, Scientific Knowledge, and Mexico was the first party of half-breed,! Fresh meat a Code of Laws was enforced by three Tribally elected,. There are no services of any kind along the Rocky Mountains on the West and Canada the! 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